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St Olave Hart Street is a Church of England church in the City of London, located on the corner of Hart Street and Seething Lane near Fenchurch Street railway station. John Betjeman described St Olave’s as “a country church in the world of Seething Lane."〔John Betjeman, ''City of London Churches'' ( London : Pitkin Publishing, 1993 ), ISBN 978-0-85372-565-7.〕 The church is one of the smallest in the City and is one of only a handful of medieval City churches that escaped the Great Fire of London in 1666.〔Christopher Hibbert, Benjamin Weinreb, Julia Keay and John Keay, ''The London Encyclopaedia, 3rd Revised Edition'' ( London : Macmillan, 2008 ), ISBN 978-1-4050-4924-5, (pages 802 )-803.〕 In addition to being a local parish church, St Olave’s is the Ward Church of the Tower Ward of the City of London.〔(St. Olave's Church Website ). Retrieved on 2009-12-11.〕 ==History== The church is first recorded in the 13th century as ''St Olave-towards-the-Tower'', a stone building replacing the earlier (presumably wooden) construction.〔Herbert Reynolds, ''The Churches of the City of London'' ( London : John Lane the Bodley Head, 1922 ).〕 It is dedicated to the patron saint of Norway, King Olaf II of Norway, who fought alongside the Anglo-Saxon King Ethelred the Unready against the Danes in the Battle of London Bridge in 1014. He was canonised after his death and the church of St Olave's was built apparently on the site of the battle.〔 The Norwegian connection was reinforced during the Second World War when King Haakon VII of Norway worshipped there while in exile. Saint Olave's was rebuilt in the 13th century and then again in the 15th century. The present building dates from around 1450. According to John Stow’s Survey of London ( 1603 ), a major benefactor of the church in the late 15th century was wool merchant Richard Cely Sr. ( d. 1482 ), who held the advowson on the church (inherited by his son, Richard Cely, Jr.). On his death, Cely bequeathed money for making the steeple and an altar in the church. The merchant mark of the Cely family was carved in two of the corbels in the nave ( and were extant until the bombing of World War II ). No memorial to the Celys now remains in the church.〔Alison Hanham, ''The Celys and Their World: An English Merchant Family of the Fifteenth Century'' ( Cambridge : Cambridge University Press, 2002 ), ISBN 978-0-521-52012-6, pages 7 and 318.〕 Saint Olave's survived the Great Fire of London with the help of Sir William Penn, the father of the more famous William Penn who founded Pennsylvania, and his men from the nearby Naval yards. He had ordered the men to blow up the houses surrounding the church to create a fire break.〔Christopher Winn, ''I Never Knew That About London'' ( New York City : St. Martin's Press, 2007 ), ISBN 978-1-250-00151-1, (page 10 ).〕〔Samuel Pepys, author, and Robert Latham and William Matthews, editors, ''The Shorter Pepys'' ( Berkeley, California : University of California Press, 1985 ), (page 665 ). On 5 September 1666, Pepys wrote, "But going to the fire, I find by the blowing up of houses and the great help given by the workmen out of the King's yard sent up by Sir W. Pen, there is a good stop given to it . . . "〕 The flames came within 100 yards or so of the building, but then the wind changed direction, saving the church and a number of other churches on the eastern side of the City.〔 The church was a favourite of the diarist Samuel Pepys, whose house and Royal Navy office were both on Seething Lane. A regular worshipper, he referred to St. Olave's in his diary affectionately as "our own church"〔Claire Thomalin, ''Pepys: the Unequalled Self'' ( London : Viking, 2002 ), ISBN 0-670-88568-1.〕 In 1660, he had a gallery built on the south wall of the church and added an outside stairway from the Royal Navy Offices so that he could go to church without getting soaked by the rain. The gallery is now gone but a memorial to Pepys marks the location of the stairway's door. In 1669, when his beloved wife Elizabeth died from fever,〔W. Bruce Bannerman, ''The Publications of the Harleian Society, Registers, Volume XLVI : The Registers of St. Olave, Hart Street, London, 1563–1700'' ( London : Roworth and Co., Ltd., 1916 ), (page 208 ). Samuel Pepys is not in this book because it stops the list of burials at 1700, three years before his death.〕 Pepys had a marble bust of her made by John Bushnell and installed on the north wall of the sanctuary so that he would be able to see her from his pew at the services. In 1703, he was buried next to his wife in the nave.〔〔Winn, ''op. cit.'', (page 11 ).〕 However, it was gutted by German bombs in 1941 during the London Blitz.〔Gerald Cobb, ''The Old Churches of London'' ( London : B. T. Batsford Ltd., 1942 ).〕 and was restored in 1954, with King Haakon VII of Norway returning to preside over the rededication ceremony, during which he laid a stone from Trondheim Cathedral in front of the sanctuary. Between 1948 and 1954, when the restored St Olave's was reopened, a prefabricated church stood on the site of All Hallows Staining. This was known as St Olave Mark Lane. The tower of All Hallows Staining was used as the chancel of the temporary church. The church was designated a Grade I listed building on 4 January 1950.〔 accessed 23 January 2009〕 St Olave's has retained long and historic links with Trinity House and the Clothworkers' Company. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「St Olave Hart Street」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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